anycialphenononisshapedbydividuals’choices,orpreferencesthisipliesthatevenseeglystraightforwardcialphenonaarenotassipleastheyappearforexaple,nsideranelectionwhereocandidates,aandb, petedagasteachotherandcandidateastheelection,whiletheoueofanigayseeuplicated,theunderlygdividual-levelchanissleadgtotheeventaretricatetheoueisdeedaresultofaggregatgthechoicesadebynurodividualsasstudentsseekgabetterunderstandgofcialphenona,weofteneployathodologicalskillthatvolvestransforgthesephenonatoantifiabledatawhatacadeicterdescribesthisprocesfnvertgacialphenonontospecifiuricalvaes?